8-1 ? september 1998 ha-2557 130mhz, four quadrant, current output analog multiplier caution: these devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper ic handling procedures. 1-888-intersil or 321-724-7143 | intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of intersil americas inc. copyright ? intersil americas inc. 2002. all rights reserved file number 2478.6 features ? low multiplication error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5% ? input bias currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 a ? y input feedthrough at 5mhz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -50db ? wide y channel bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130mhz ? wide x channel bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75mhz applications ? military avionics ? medical imaging displays ? video mixers ? sonar agc processors ? radar signal conditioning ? voltage controlled amplifier ? vector generator description the ha-2557 is a monolithic, high speed, four quadrant, analog multiplier constructed in harris? dielectrically isolated high frequency process. the single-ended current output of the ha-2557 has a 130mhz signal bandwidth (r l = 50 ? ). high bandwidth and low distortion make this part an ideal component in video systems. the suitability for precision video applications is demon- strated further by low multiplication error (1.5%), low feedthrough (-50db), and differential inputs with low bias currents (8 a). the ha-2557 is also well suited for mixer cir- cuits as well as agc applications for sonar, radar, and med- ical imaging equipment. the current output of the ha-2557 allows it to achieve higher bandwidths than voltage output multipliers. full scale output current is trimmed to 1.6ma. an internal 2500 ? feedback resistor is also provided to accurately convert the current, if desired, to a full scale output voltage of 4v. the ha-2557 is not limited to multiplication applications only; frequency dou- bling and power detection are also possible. for mil-std-883 compliant product consult the ha-2557/883 datasheet. part number information part number temp. range ( o c) package pkg. no. HA3-2557-9 -40 to 85 16 ld pdip e16.3 ha9p2557-9 -40 to 85 16 ld soic m16.3 pinout ha-2557 (pdip, soic) top view schematic 14 15 16 9 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 v ref v yio b v yio a v xio a ref nc v xio b nc x i out r z gnd v y + v y - v- v+ v x - v x + x y v yio b v y + v+ v bias r z i out v xio a ref gnd v bias v x + y y - v x - v xio b v yio a v- + - o b s o l e t e p r o d u c t r e c o m m e n d e d r e p l a c e m e n t h a - 2 5 5 6 c o n t a c t o u r t e c h n i c a l s u p p o r t c e n t e r a t 1 - 8 8 8 - i n t e r s i l o r w w w . i n t e r s i l . c o m / t s c
8-2 absolute maximum ratings thermal information voltage between v+ and v- terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35v differential input voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6v output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3ma operating conditions temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40 o c to 85 o c thermal resistance (typical, note 1) ja ( o c/w) pdip package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 soic package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 maximum junction temperature (die) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 o c maximum junction temperature (plastic package) . . . . . . . . 150 o c maximum storage temperature range . . . . . . . . . -65 o c to 150 o c maximum lead temperature (soldering 10s). . . . . . . . . . . . 300 o c (soic - lead tips only) caution: stresses above those listed in ?absolute maximum ratings? may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress o nly rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not i mplied. note: 1. ja is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation pc board in free air. electrical specifications v supply = 15v, unless otherwise specified parameter test conditions temp. ( o c) ha-2557-9 units min typ max multiplier performance transfer function multiplication error (note 2) 25 - 1.5 3 %fs full - 3.0 6 %fs multiplication error drift full - 0.003 - %/ o c scale factor 25 - 10 - kv ? linearity error v x , v y = 4v, full scale = 4v 25 - 0.1 0.25 % v x , v y = 3v, full scale = 3v 25 - 0.05 - % ac characteristics small signal bandwidth (-3db) (r l = 50 ? ) v y = 200mv p-p , v x = 4v 25 - 130 - mhz v x = 200mv p-p , v y = 4v 25 - 75 - mhz rise time v out = -80mv to +80mv, r l = 50 ? 25 - 7 - ns propagation delay r l = 50 ? 25 - 3 - ns feedthrough (note 4) f = 5mhz 25 - -50 - db thd+n f = 10khz, v y = 1v rms , v x = 4v 25 - 0.03 - % signal input v x , v y input offset voltage 25 - 4 15 mv full - 8 25 mv average offset voltage drift full - 35 - v/ o c input bias current 25 - 8 15 a full - 12 25 a input offset current 25 - 0.5 2 a full - 1.0 3 a differential input resistance 25 - 1 - m ? differential input range 25 4- - v cmrr note 3 full 65 78 - db voltage noise (pin 10 = gnd v x = v y = gnd) f = 1khz 25 - 150 - nv/ hz f = 100khz 25 - 40 - nv/ hz output characteristics output offset current 25 - 2.4 10 a full - 5.6 15 a full scale output compliance voltage full 4- - v full scale output current 25 - 1.6 - ma i out v x+ v x- ? () v y+ v y- ? () 10kv ? -------------------------------------------------------------------- = ha-2557
8-3 test circuit and waveform application information operation at reduced supply voltages the ha-2557 will operate over a range of supply voltages, 5v to 15v. use of supply voltages below 12v will reduce input and output voltage ranges. see ?typical performance curves? for more information. the 5v range is particularly useful in video applications. at 5v the input voltage range is reduced to 1.4v limiting the fullscale output current. another current output option is the ha-2556 voltage output multiplier configured for current output with an output sens- ing resistor (refer to the ha-2556 data sheet). offset adjustment the channel offset voltage may be nulled by using a 20k poten- tiometer between the v yio or v xio adjust pin a and b and con- necting the wiper to v-. reducing the channel offset voltage will reduce ac feedthrough and improve the multiplication error. theory of operation the ha-2557 creates an output current that is the product of the x and y input voltages divided by a constant scale factor of 10kv ? . the resulting output has the correct polarity in each of the four quadrants defined by the combinations of positive and negative x and y inputs. this results in the following equation, where x and y are high impedance differential inputs: to accomplish this the differential input voltages are first con- verted into differential currents by the x and y input transcon- ductance stages. the currents are then scaled by a constant reference and combined in the multiplier core. the multiplier core is a basic gilbert cell that produces a differential output current proportional to the product of x and y input signal cur- rents. this current is converted into the output for the ha-2557. the purpose of the reference circuit is to provide a stable cur- rent, used in setting the scale factor. this is achieved with a bandgap reference circuit to produce a temperature stable voltage of 1.2v which is forced across a nicr resistor. slight adjustments to scale factor may be possible by overriding the output resistance 10v 25 1.0 1.5 - m ? output capacitance 25 - 6.5 - pf internal resistor (r z ) 25 2425 2500 2575 ? full 2375 2500 2625 ? power supply +psrr v s = 12v to 17v full 65 80 - db -psrr v s = 12v to 17v full 45 55 - db supply current full - 13 17 ma notes: 2. error is percent of full scale, 1% = 16 a. 3. v xcm = 10v, v ycm = +9v, -10v. 4. relative to full scale output. figure 1. ac and transient response test circuit v y transient response electrical specifications v supply = 15v, unless otherwise specified (continued) parameter test conditions temp. ( o c) ha-2557-9 units min typ max 14 15 16 9 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 +15v v out nc nc nc -15v 50 ? nc v y + v x + ref nc nc nc nc x y x vertical scale: top 5v/div. bottom: 100mv/div. horizontal scale: 20ns/div. i out xxy 10kv ? ------------------- = ha-2557
8-4 internal reference with the v ref pin. the scale factor is used to maintain the output of the multiplier within the normal oper- ating range of 1.6ma when full scale inputs are applied. typical applications communication applications the multiplier function of the ha-2557 has applications in am signal generation, synchronous am detection and phase detection. these circuit configurations are shown in figure 2, figure 3 and figure 4. by feeding a signal into both x and y inputs a square function results that is useful as a frequency doubler as shown in figure 5. the ha-2557 is particularly useful in applications that require the interaction of high speed signals. both inputs x and y have similar wide bandwidth and input characteristics. this is unlike earlier products where one input was dedicated to a slow moving control function as is required for automatic gain control. the ha-2557 is versatile enough for both. although the x and y inputs have similar ac characteristics, they are not the same. the designer should consider input parameters such as small signal bandwidth and ac feedthrough to get the most performance from the ha-2557. the y channel is the faster of the two inputs with a small sig- nal bandwidth of typically 130mhz verses 75mhz for the x channel. therefore in am signal generation, the best perfor- mance will be obtained with the carrier applied to the y channel and the modulation signal (lower frequency) applied to the x channel. 1/10kv ? x y v x + v x - v y + v y - x i out acos( ) ccos( c ) carrier audio i out ac 20kv ? ----------------- cos c a ? () cos c a + () + () = r z + - + - figure 2. am signal generation 1/10kv ? x y v x + v x - v y + v y - am signal carrier like the frequency doubler you get i out r z + - + - x audio centered at dc and 2f c . figure 3. synchronous am detection 1/10kv ? x y v x + v x - v y + v y - acos( ? ) acos( ?+ ) i out a 2 20kv ? ------------------- cos () cos 2 ? + () + () = dc component is proportional to cos( ) i out r z + - + - x figure 4. phase detection 1/10kv ? x y i out v x + v x - v y + v y - acos( ? ) acos ? () acos ? () () 10kv ? i out () = i out a 2 20k ---------- - 1cos2 ? () + () = r z which evaluates to: + - + - x figure 5. frequency doubler ha-2557
8-5 automatic gain control figure 6 shows the ha-2557 configured in an automatic gain control or agc application. the ha-2842 serves as an output i to v converter using r z which is trimmed to provide an accurate 4v fullscale conversion. refer to voltage output conversion for more details about this function. the ha-5127 low noise amplifier provides the gain control signal to the x input. this control signal sets the peak output voltage of the multiplier to match the preset reference level. the feedback network around the ha-5127 provides a response time adjustment. high frequency changes in the peak are rejected as noise or the desired signal to be transmitted. these signals do not indicate a change in the average peak value and therefore no gain adjustment is needed. lower frequency changes in the peak value are given a gain of -1 for feedback to the control input. at dc the circuit is an integrator automatically compensating for offset and other constant error terms. this multiplier has the advantage over other agc circuits, in that the signal bandwidth is not affected by the control signal gain adjustment. voltage output conversion the ha-2842 is an excellent choice to perform the output current to voltage conversion as shown in figure 7. the combination of 400v/ s slew rate and 80mhz gain band- width product will maintain signal dynamics while providing a full scale 4v output. the ha-2842 also provides a hefty out- put drive capability of 100ma. this voltage feedback amplifier takes advantage of the inter- nal r z resistor, trimmed to provide an accurate 4v fullscale conversion. the parasitic capacitance at the negative input of the ha-2842 must be compensated with a 3pf capacitor from pin 2 to pin 6. this compensation will also insure that the amp will see a noise gain of 2 at its crossover frequency, the minimum required for stability with this device. the full power bandwidth curve and large signal pulse response for this circuit are shown in figure 11 and figure 12 respec- tively. the fast slew rate of the ha-2842 results in a minimal reduction of bandwidth for large signals. another choice for an i to v converter that takes better advantage of the wide bandwidth of the ha-2557, is to use the ha5023 dual 100mhz current feedback amp. the opti- mum bandwidth of a current feedback amp is obtained with a fixed feedback resistor. therefore scaling the i to v conver- sion to a convenient value requires two stages. fortunately the ha5023 provides two wideband amplifiers in a single 8 pin mini-dip or soic package, while their current feedback architecture provides signal gain with minimal reduction in bandwidth. this circuit configuration is shown in figure 8. the optimum bandwidth is achieved in stage 1 with a 909 ? feedback resistor. this voltage is then gained up by the sec- ond stage to provide a 4v fullscale voltage output with a bandwidth in excess of 90mhz. the 10pf capacitor and the additional 220 ? resistor improve gain flatness and reduce gain peaking. the ha5023 also provides excellent full power bandwidth (-3db at 80mhz for a 3.5v p-p signal). typ- ical curves for this application circuit are shown in figures 13, 14, 15 and 16. 5k ? 10k ? ha-5127 0.01 f 10k ? 0.1 f 1n914 5.6v 0.1 f +15v 20k ? 14 15 16 9 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 +15v v out nc nc nc -15v nc v y v x ref nc nc nc x 0.01 1.0 3pf i out 1.0 0.01 2.5k r z + - ha-2842 + - y x figure 6. automatic gain control 14 15 16 9 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 +15v v out nc nc nc -15v nc v y v x ref nc nc nc x 0.01 1.0 +15v -15v ha-2842 3pf i out 1.0 0.01 0.01 1.0 0.01 1.0 2.5k 2 3 6 r z + - y x figure 7. voltage output conversion ha-2557
8-6 14 15 16 9 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 +15v v out nc nc nc -15v nc v y v x ref nc nc nc x 0.01 1.0 +15v -15v 1 of 2 i out 1.0 0.01 0.01 1.0 0.01 1.0 2.5k 2 3 1 nc 4 8 909 ? 619 ? 5 6 8 2 of 2 ha5023 220 ? 220 ? 10pf ha5023 (1/2) (1/2) r z + - + - y x figure 8. voltage output conversion typical performance curves figure 9. figure 9. v y bandwidth figure 10. figure 10. v x bandwidth 100m 10m 1m -32 -37 -42 frequency (hz) gain (db) -3db at 131mhz i out into 50 ? v y = 200mv p-p , v x = 4v dc 100m 10m 1m frequency (hz) -32 -37 -42 gain (db) i out into 50 ? v x = 200mv p-p v y = 4v dc -3db at 77mhz ha-2557
8-7 figure 11. ha-2557 into ha-2842 as i to v converter v y fullpower bandwidth figure 12. v y transient response of ha-2842 as i to v converter figure 13. driving ha5023 as i to v converter v y bandwidth figure 14. v y transient response of ha5023 as i to v converter typical performance curves (continued) 100m 10m 1m frequency (hz) 100k 10k 1k 4 0 2 -2 -4 -6 gain (db) -3db at 24.4mhz internal r x as feedback resistor, v y = 3.5v p-p , v x = 4v dc plus 3pf compensation capacitor top: v y input 0 to 4v step bottom: ha-2842 0 to 4v response 100m 10m 1m frequency (hz) 4 2 0 -2 -4 gain (db) -3db at 94mhz of second stage (amp 2) with 619 ? feedback resistor and 220 ? gain resistor in parallel with a 10pf first stage using a 909 ? feedback resistor, output plus 220 ? , v y = 200mv p-p , v x = 4v dc top: v y input 0 to 4v step bottom: ha5023 0 to 4v response ha-2557
8-8 figure 15. driving ha5023 as i to v converter v x bandwidth figure 16. v y transient response of ha5023 as i to v converter figure 17. driving ha5023 as i to v converter v y fullpower bandwidth figure 18. driving ha5023 as i to v converter v x fullpower bandwidth figure 19. input bias current vs temperature figure 20. offset voltage vs temperature typical performance curves (continued) 100m 10m 1m frequency (hz) 4 2 0 -2 -4 gain (db) -3db at 98mhz of second stage (amp 2) with 619 ? feedback resistor and 220 ? gain resistor in parallel with a first stage using a 909 ? feedback resistor, output 10pf plus 220 ? , v x = 200mv p-p , v y = 4v dc top: v x input 0v to 4v step bottom: ha5023 0v to 4v response 100m 10m 1m frequency (hz) 4 2 0 -2 -4 gain (db) -3db at 80mhz of second stage (amp 2) with 619 ? feedback resistor and 220 ? gain resistor in parallel with a 10pf first stage using a 909 ? feedback resistor output plus 220 ? , v y = 3.5v p-p , v x = 4v dc 100m 10m 1m frequency (hz) 4 2 0 -2 -4 gain (db) -3db at 80mhz of second stage (amp 2) with 619 ? feedback resistor and 220 ? gain resistor in parallel with a 10pf first stage using a 909 ? feedback resistor output plus 220 ? , v x = 3.5v p-p , v y = 4v dc -100 -50 0 50 100 150 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 temperature ( o c) bias current ( a) -100 -50 0 50 100 150 0 1 2 3 4 temperature ( o c) offset voltage (mv) |v io x| |v io y| 5 6 7 ha-2557
8-9 figure 21. scale factor error vs temperature figure 22. input voltage range vs supply voltage figure 23. input common mode range vs supply voltage typical performance curves (continued) -100 -50 0 50 100 150 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 temperature ( o c) scale factor error (%) 4 6 8 10121416 1 2 3 4 5 6 supply voltage ( v) input voltage range (v) x input y input 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 supply voltage ( v) cmr (v) y input x input x and y input ha-2557
8-10 die characteristics die dimensions: 71 mils x 100 mils x 19 mils metallization: type: aluminum, 1% copper thickness: 16k ? 2k ? substrate potential v- passivation: type: nitride (si 3 n 4 ) over silox (sio 2 , 5% phos) nitride thickness: 3.5k ? 2k ? silox thickness: 12k ? 2k ? transistor count: 72 process: bipolar dielectric isolation metallization mask layout ha-2557 gnd 1 v ref 2 3 4 v y + v y - v- 7 i out 8 r z 10 11 12 13 v xio b 15 v xio a 16 v yio b v yio a 5 6 v+ v x - v x + v z + 9
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